SURFACE FACILITY

Most projects can be sub divided into 4 parts: wells, gathering system, processing plant and export facilities. The consequences of a badly designed process can be for example, reduced throughput of expensive plant modification after production. Production profiles are required for oil, water and gas in order to size the facilities.

Description of wellhead fluids for constructing the facility-

1.       PVT characteristics which describes liquids.

2.       Composition of fluids

3.       Emission behavior

4.       Viscosity and Density.

For various fluids a particular properties are required by the customers. The surface facility have to designed so as to cater these required specifications-

Oil- True Vapour Pressure, Base sediments and water content, temperature, salinity, hydrogen sulphide content

Gas- Water and hydrocarbon dew point, hydrocarbon composition, heating value

Water- Oil and solid content

For oil processing separator are installed to separate gas , water and hydrocarbon from oil.

The separator temperature is set so as to maintain equilibrium between oil and gas.

K=Y/X;     X= mol fraction of each component in vapour phase

Y= Mol fraction of each component in liquid phase.

A water content of less than 1% for sales of crude at refinery is required

For LNG the gas is cooled at -163 C at atmospheric pressure.